ScientistsAlanM．GoldbergandThomasHartungdescriberecenta...

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Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．

Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好戰分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（*詞） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辯護） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．

Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．

In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（*品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．

1．_______plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．

A．Huntingdon Life Sciences B．Improvement in technologies

C．Animal-fights militants D．Scientists Alan and Thomas

2．Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_______．

A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing

B．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings

C．animals should live wildly and freely

D．we should protect animals from being killed casually

3．From the passage，we can find ________．

A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly

B．animal substitutes are not preferable

C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing