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A. John Lewis was known for his creativity. He was a skilled piano player and musical director of the Modern Jazz. He was fond of traditional jazz, blues and bebop. Yet he was greatly influenced by training in European classical music.

B. Paul Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey in 1908. He was an excellent student and athlete. Rutgers University in New Jersey gave him money, so he could study there. He also was the top student in his class. He became a professional actor, an O’Neill star.

C. Billie Holiday wrote a book about her life—Lady sings the Blues. A few months later, she was arrested again for possessing illegal drugs. But instead of going to prison, she was permitted to seek treatment to end her dependence on drugs.

D. Larry Adler didn’t know how to read music as a young man. He could listen to a record played a few times and then play the song with his harmonica. He could do this with extremely difficult songs. Not being able to read music did not seem to harm his career.

E. Nat formed a group that played jazz music in 1937. The trio reportedly did not need a drummer because Nat’s piano playing kept the beat so well. They named the group, The King Cole Trio. Nat played the piano in New York and Los Angeles as a young man.

F. Isaac Stern was more than a great violin player. He was one of the most honored musicians in the world. He was an international cultural ambassador. He was a major supporter of the arts in America and in other countries.

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61. Her last performance was in 1959. She died that year. Her health was ruined by using illegal drugs and drinking too much alcohol. But Lady Day lives on through her recordings that continue to influence the best jazz singers.

62. He was one of the finest musicians to record with new Capitol Record. By the middle 1940s, Nat King Cole was beginning to be known as a popular singer as well as a jazz piano player.

63. He joined the Provincetown Players, an acting group linked to American playwright Eugene O’Neill in the 1920s.

64. George Gershwin used a special device called a recording piano to play and record “Rhapsody in Blue”. After the famous composer’s death, he often played the harmonica with the recording piano of George Gershwin.

65. He combined classical music with traditional jazz to create songs for himself and the three other members of his quartet. He believed music should be simple and clear, yet played in a meaningful way.

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