Four-stroke engines of this type with this same type of intake valve motion but with a supercharger to make up for the loss of power density are known as Miller cycle engines.
Recently Atkinson cycle has been used to describe a modified Otto cycle engine in which the intake valve is held open longer than normal to allow a reverse flow of intake air into the intake manifold.
The system used levers to control the distance that the intake valves were lifted off their seats.
Opening the intake valve before TDC and closing it after BDC increase the fill of air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
The cycle of operation of the four-stoke engine begins with the piston at TDC and the intake valve open.
Start the water flowing by turning off the water intake valve at the tank and turning on a hot-water faucet.
When the piston reaches the bottom of the intake stroke, the intake valve closes, trapping the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
Rather than using a mechanical device to regulate intake valve opening, Fiat USES a hydraulic chamber between the camshaft and the intake valve.
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