1、In step invasion formation, when the ratio of invasion resistivity to formation resistivity is less than 0.
3、As far as cased-hole formation resistivity logging, the key problems needed to be solved are detection of ultra-low frequency and extremely weak signals, as well as reduction of strong interferences.
2、Cased hole formation resistivity (CHFR) logging tool is a new-type instrument which is developed to measure and evaluate formation remaining oil saturation in casing hole of oilfields.