With so many pressing urban challenges, they see wastewater reuse as an added burden with no direct or immediate value.
It fills the streams in Ecuador where Chevron, an oil concessionaire, is accused of dumping its wastewater during a long period of drilling.
Effluent discharges of industrial wastewater and raw sewage into rivers, lakes and inshore coastal areas have not only adversely affected marine life and aquatic resources, but have also jeopardized one of the major necessities for sustaining life-Potable Water.
Principal USES include ore processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater processing and chemical synthesis.
Although the wastewater generated from the experiment was clear of prion protein presence, the biosolids were not.
Apple said it had required the factories to "perform immediate inspections of their wastewater discharge systems" and hire an independent environmental consultant to prevent future violations.
But that ranges from nearly 24 years lost because of lead in industrial wastewater to just under three years lost from hexavalent chromium, the carcinogenic form of the element, from tanneries.
Nutrients in the wastewater support the fish, so no external food is added.
Besides the air, the farms would also recycle and purify gray water, which is wastewater from sinks, bathtubs and drinking fountains.
The degree of treatment required for a wastewater depends mainly on discharge requirements for the effluent.
Tanners would pay according to the amount of wastewater they produce, giving them an incentive to use fewer chemicals and less water.
In wastewater treatment, flotation is used principally to remove suspended matter and to concentrate biosolids.
The shuttle and space-station crews will also perform several experiments, including testing technology to refuel satellites robotically and trying out a new method for recycling wastewater in space.
As China gradually constructs, and sometimes operates, wastewater treatment works to improve the quality of rivers so biosolids (sludge) will be produced.
Existing anaerobic systems are typically used to treat industrial wastewater with a low solid content.
The fact that the OMEGA process would clean up wastewater and help sequester carbon dioxide doesn't hurt, either.
Dubai relies heavily on desalination of ocean water, although the process has high energy requirements, and the reuse of wastewater.
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