If superior vena caval obstruction lies above the azygosvein, it acts as a bypass collateral to the right atrium.
HEPATIC VEIN- Main outflow vein of liver connecting liver to vena cava and then to heart. Located on topside of liver.
vena retromandibularis
The posterior borders of the left ventricle and inferior vena cava are well seen.
MethodPICC was inserted from the cubital fossa, and the superior vena cava was at the end of the deep venous remote.
vena posterior septi pellucidi
The sinoatrial node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium.
Conclusion The important factors of stenosis of inferior vena cava are unsuitable anastomotic skill, excessive volume of liver, hematoma, ascites formation and cancer relapse.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of placement of vena cava filter in the prevention of pulmonary embolism.
interruption of the inferior vena cava
vena circumflexa posterior humeralis
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of permanent vena cava filter in patients with deep venous thrombosis.
Objective: To assist the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases by observing the extraction of indocyanine green (ICGER) metabolism by vena cava catheter.
Radiography was performed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after operation, and ultrasonography of inferior vena cava and lower extremity vein was executed.
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