2、message authentication codes, and so on.
1、identity authentication,encryption and message authentication or message signed mechanism.
3、What you should note here is that message authentication guarantees nothing about who sent that message.
5、The construction of a provable hash algorithm is developed based on the operations from various groups, also, a safety message authentication code is presented by the result.
4、In order to satisfy the requirement of non-repudiation, you need both message authentication and sender authentication simultaneously.