Two electrodes flanking the system of channels then create a voltage that pulls positively charged ions such as sodium in one direction and negatively charged ions such as chloride in the other.
Deeper in the narrow neck of the funnel is a filter, made of negatively charged residues, that selects for positively charged ions.
The theory is that when a muon encounters a gas molecule, it can knock off an electron, leaving a positively charged ion in its wake.
Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidise a fuel, such as hydrogen, turning it into a positively charged ion and a negative electron.
One passes positively charged ions. The other passes negatively charged ones.
The motions become linked due to the electrostatic interactions of the positively charged ions, which tend to repel each other.
Like all metals, these react with other elements by giving up electrons to form positively charged ions.
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