问题详情：
(2019·*苏高考)Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in“postindustrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业), with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on crossborder flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our undervaluation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，文章论述了盲目夸大新科技可能带来的严重后果。因特网和洗衣机哪个更有影响力？如果只是个人观点的话，做出错误判断也无大碍，但是，对新科技影响力的误判对社会却会有切切实实的影响，因为这会导致稀缺资源的浪费。
12．Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________.
A．a lack of confidence in technology
B．a slow progress in technology
C．a conflict of public opinions
D．a waste of limited resources
13．The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________.
A．take people's essential needs into account
B．make their programmes attractive to people
C．ensure that each child gets financial support
D．provide more affordable internet facilities
14．What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A．Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B．Believing that the world has become borderless.
C．Ignoring the power of economic development.
D．Overemphasizing the role of international communication.
15．What can we learn from the passage?
A．People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B．Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C．Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D．Economic policies should follow technological trends.
【回答】
12.D 细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，这些误判有真正的影响，因为它们会导致稀缺资源的误导使用，故选D项“对新技术影响力的误判会导致有限资源的浪费”。
13.A 细节理解题。由第四段可知，作者认为与其给发展*家的人们捐钱买电脑及网络设备，倒不如买能切实提高人们生活水平的物品，言外之意，捐献者应该把人们的基本需求考虑(take ... into account)进来，故选A项。
14. 细节理解题。由第五段第一句中的“now we live in a ‘borderless world’”可知，世界已经变得无国界，第五段最后一句的意思是，正是因为相信有这样一个世界，所以许多*终止了一些非常有必要的规定。故选B。
15.B 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段可知，对ICT(信息通信技术)*的着迷让一些富裕国家做出错误判断，认为制造业已经是明日黄花。这种“后工业社会”信念使得一些国家忽视制造业，从而给他们的经济带来负面影响。由此可知，制造业已经过时的推断是错误的，真实情况是传统工艺在当今社会仍有一席之地，故B项正确。
知识点：科普环保类阅读
题型：阅读理解
国文精选馆
