問題詳情：
Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend. Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
【回答】
【*】
71. lower
72. size/scale
73. immediate
74. economic
75. old/older
76. earlier
77. living/life
78. equality
79. immigration
80. compensate
資訊歸納題。根據第二段“almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate”可知，已開發國家人口出生率正在下降，即人口難以維持現有的規模，“maintain”一詞是做題的依據，故填size/scale。
diate資訊歸納題。根據第二段“which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades”中的“within a few decades”可知，出生率的下降對發展*家和全球的消極影響還沒有發生，由此聯想到“影響不是立即產生的”。
omic貌似資訊查詢題，其實還是資訊歸納題。接下來幾段分別講了*、俄羅斯、印度的人口與經濟的問題，根據“economic development before a population decline hits the country”可知*。
資訊歸納題。根據“A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China”可知，*可能會迎來年輕勞動力的危機，就現在而言，*的勞動力正在“老化”，故填older。
ier資訊歸納題。根據“the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it”可知，俄羅斯人口由於縮短的壽命而急劇下降。
ng/life資訊歸納題。如果俄羅斯人改變他們的生活方式，他們的情況可能會好一些。
【名師點睛】
任務型讀寫題中的閱讀能力同樣要求考生在有限的時間內快速領會文章 的主旨大意，快速理解句段細節意義和理清上下文的邏輯關係，要能夠理解文章作者的觀點、態度和意圖，同時不能忽視對語篇的整體把握和領悟。考查題型分為以下三類：
1．資訊篩選題：資訊篩選題是基礎題目，一般可以直接通過將表格和短文進行對照，邊讀文章邊找出與試題相關的句子資訊，獲取到相關單詞，有時試題和原文句型句式不同，需進行簡單的邏輯推理然後找到相應單詞，不需變化，直接填入。例如第74、79題。
2．整合轉換題：整合轉換題是典型的二次加工題型，需要考生有基本的構詞法知識，對句子成分和詞*的對應關係要明確。做題時不僅需要找到與試題相關的語句，還要根據詞法和句法知識以及上下文的邏輯關係進行加工，從而提煉出新詞。可細分為如下兩種情況：
（1）詞形整合轉換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當的句子成分不同，因而需要在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等之間進行轉換。例如第76、78題。
（2）句型整合轉換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到同根詞，無法獲取單詞進行轉換，需根據原文中相應句子的意義和上下文邏輯聯絡進行句型轉換。例如第71、72、73題。
①表格內詞*、大小寫和語法運用上要保持一致。同一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式。
②善用同義詞和反義詞進行轉換。
③正確使用構詞法。
④熟練運用語法句型轉換。
3．綜合概括題：綜合概括題要求考生對全文或段落進行總體語篇把握，通過觀察表格的設定特點，從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。此類設題一般位於表格的第一行或第一列。為了更快捷地掌握概括能力，總結和熟記一些概括*詞彙及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。例如75題。
基本的概括*詞彙有：
總結、概括：conclusion, summary
建議：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation
影響：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression
因果：reason, cause; result, consequence
考點：考查任務型閱讀
知識點：任務型閱讀
題型：未分類
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