Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,manyofusmakequickj...

問題詳情：

    When meeting someone for the first time, many of us make quick judgments about their personality or their interests based on how they look and act. And now new research claims these judgments are made before we have even had time to form and gather thoughts.

    Researches from Melbourne claim they can predict how someone feels when they are looking at an image from their brave waves―even when the participants weren’t conscious of the judgment. That findings are particularly useful in establishing why and how people make impulsive(衝動的) decisions, and how they control these decisions.

   The research was carried out by lead authors Dr. Stefan Bode, from the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, and Dr. Carsten Murawski from the University of Melbourne Department of Finance. They used the EEG(腦電圖) technology to measure the electrical activity of people’s brains while they looked at different pictures. The pictures displayed images of food, social scenes or status symbols likes cars and money. After the EEG, researchers showed participants the same pictures again and asked questions about each image, such as how exciting they thought the image was or how strongly the image made them think of either the present or the future.

   A statistical “decoding” technique was then used to predict the judgments participants made about each of the pictures from the EEG brain activity that was recorded. “ We have founded that when they are looking at images, their brain activity can encode judgments, even when the viewer is not aware of making them,” the researchers said. “ Moreover, our results suggest that certain images can make a person think about the present or the future.”

  In particular, the researchers said they could predict, from the participants’ brain activity, how exciting they found a particular image to be, and whether a particular image made them think more about the present or the future. This was true even though the brain activity was recorded before participants knew they were going to be asked to make these judgments.

  The authors said the results contributed to our understanding of impulsive behaviors, especially when those behaviors were caused by words in the world around us. It could reveal what happens in the brain of a person who is trying to lose weight, when he is shown a food advertisement on TV. “ Our results suggest that even if the person is trying to ignore the ad, their brain may be unconsciously processing it and making it more likely that he will relapse(恢復原狀態),” Dr Bode added.

  Co-author Daniel Bennett said just as certain words might cause impulsive behaviors, images could be used to make people more patient by regulating impulse control. “Prompting people with images related to the future might cause processing outside awareness that could make it easier for them to think about the future. In theory, this could make people less impulsive and more likely to make healthy long-term decisions,” he said,

   The research was completed in collaboration with the University of Cologne, Germany, and the findings were published in the journal PLOS One.

 66. The research mentioned in Paragraph 1 finds that         .

A. impulsive decisions are harmful to people’s health              

B. people’s personality can affect their judgments about others

C. our first impressions of others may be made unconsciously

D. people are likely to gather thoughts before making their first judgments

67. While receiving the EEG, participants in the research were asked to         .

   A. view different images 

B. create some social scenes

C. record their social activities

D. pick out their favorite food

68. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to “         ”.

A. the impulsive behaviors                       B. the “decoding” techniques  

C. the images                              D. the judgments

69. The author presents Paragraph 6 by         .

A. giving an example

B. making comparisons

C. providing instructions

D. following the order of time

70. Paragraph 7 mainly explains why         .

A. impulsive behaviors can be controlled

B. images can make people more patient

C. advertisements influence our judgments

D. patience is more important in making decisions

【回答】

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