(2018·浙*高考)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstr...

問題詳情：

(2018·浙*高考)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收銀台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.  Eyeing these headwinds,_plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic­bag use it cancels out.  However,  longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.  One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

Environmentalists don't dispute (質疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

篇章導讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了人們該用塑料袋還是環保袋或者兩者都不使用，並分析了其原因。

1．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?

A．Help increase grocery sales.

B．Recycle the waste material.

C．Stop things falling off trucks.

D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.

2．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Bans on plastic bags.

B．Effects of city development.

C．Headaches caused by garbage.

D．Plastic bags hung in trees.

3．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic­bag makers?

A．They are quite expensive.

B．Replacing them can be difficult.

C．They are less strong than plastic bags.

D．Producing them requires more energy.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．Plastic, Paper or Neither

B．Industry, Pollution and Environment

C．Recycle or Throw Away

D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control

【回答】

1.D　細節理解題。根據第一段最後一句並結合第二段最後一句中的“plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料袋製造商僱傭Stein這樣的科學家來為塑料購物袋的使用進行辯護。故選D。

2.A　詞義猜測題。畫線詞是承接其上一句的內容描述，指在包括洛杉磯在內的加利福尼亞州的90個城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再結合畫線詞後的“to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推斷出，此處headwinds指的是“bans on plastic bags”，即對塑料袋的禁令。故選A。

3.D　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第三句可知，環保袋的一個缺點是生產它們需要更多能源。故選D。

4.A　標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一、二段介紹了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介紹了環保袋的使用及其缺點；再結合最後一段第二句可知，環境學家甚至希望某天也可以禁用紙袋。因此A項(到底是選擇塑料袋，紙袋還是兩者都不使用)準確地概括了文章的主題，適合作標題。故選A。

知識點：科普環保類閲讀

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