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A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria FOR half a century, the 5． of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less. Moore’s law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space 6． every 18 months. The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate. Yet as 7． get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive. On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion. Happily for those that lack Intel’s resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature, who has been building tiny 8．, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it. A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal, sets out the latest example of the 9．. In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets, similar to those employed to store information in disk drives. The researchers took their 10． from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth’s magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide. Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to 11． this protein in bulk. Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals. Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein. The other half were left untreated as controls. They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated 12． of iron salts. After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope. Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein. In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised. Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road. For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing 13．. But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with. The 14． of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab. Growing things does not need as much kit as making them. If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.
【回答】
5．E （essence）
6．H（doubles）
7．A（components）
8．K（devices）
9．O（technique）
10．F（inspiration）
11．L（manufacture）
12．I（solution）
13．C（standards）
14．B（advantage）
【分析】
本文是一篇説明文。文章介紹一種製造計算機存儲器的新方法。使用細菌已有半個世紀之久，計算機工業進步的本質是用更少的資源做更多的事。
5．根據A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria FOR half a century, the ____1____ of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.可知，這是一種製造計算機存儲器的新方法，使用細菌已有半個世紀之久，計算機工業進步的本質是用更少的資源做更多的事。結合句意可知*為E （essence）
6．根據Moore’s law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space ____2____ every 18 months.可知，摩爾定律著名的論斷是：能放入某空間內的晶體管數量每18個月就會翻一番。結合句意可知*為H（doubles）
7．根據Yet as ____3____ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.可知，然而，隨着組件變得越來越小，製造它們變得越來越困難，成本也越來越高。結合句意可知*為A（components）
8．根據Happily for those that lack Intel’s resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature, who has been building tiny ____4____, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.可知，幸運的是，對於那些缺乏英特爾資源的人來説，也許還有一個更便宜的選擇——那就是模仿大自然母親，她已經以活細胞及其組件的形式製造了數十億年的微型設備，並因此變得相當擅長。結合句意可知*為K（devices）
9．根據A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal, sets out the latest example of the ____5____.可知，發表在納米技術期刊《Small》上的一篇論文闡述了這項技術的最新例子。結合句意可知*為O（technique）
10．根據The researchers took their ____6____ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth’s magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.可知，研究人員的靈感來自於磁螺菌。磁螺菌是一種對地球磁場敏感的細菌，因為其細胞內存在磁鐵礦顆粒(一種氧化鐵)。結合句意可知*為F（inspiration）
11．根據Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to ____7____ this protein in bulk.可知，通過基因工程，研究小組成功説服了一種不同的細菌——大腸桿菌，這種無處不在的生物是生物技術的主力——批量生產這種蛋白質。結合句意可知*為L（manufacture）
12．根據They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated ____8____ of iron salts.可知，然後，他們將黃金浸入含有蛋白質的溶液中，讓它與處理過的方塊結合，然後將整塊黃金浸入加熱過的鐵鹽溶液中。結合句意可知*為I（solution）
13．根據For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing ____9____.可知，首先，磁鐵顆粒的磁*不夠強，不足以構成有用的存儲器，而且按照現代計算標準，每個磁疇的尺寸都很大。結合句意可知*為C（standards）
14．根據The ____10____ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.可知，這種方法的優點是，它可能不像建造工廠那樣需要大量資金。結合句意可知*為advantage
知識點：科普知識與現代技術
題型：未分類
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