BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLightSolarphotovo...

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Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More light

Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems (太陽能光伏熱能系統), or PVTs, produce both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-producing part __51__ a stand-alone (單機的) solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells (晶體硅太陽能電池), which lets the silicon produce more electricity but isn’t a very __52__ way to gather heat.

That’s a problem of economics. A solar-electric system is run at a comparatively lower __53__, while good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic (光伏的) cells can __54__ all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has designed a __55__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research partners are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.

Most solar panels (電池板) are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon (非晶體硅), __56__ known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. Because they __57__ much less silicon, they are more environmental friendly and have a greener footprint. __58__, thin-film silicon solar cells can be easily damaged and are breakable.

“That means that, when you expose them to light, their efficiency __59__ ---- pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small __60__ of the market.

However, Pearce and his team eventually found a way to improve the __61__ of solar panels by uniting thin-film silicon into a whole in a new type of PVT after many experiments. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work and improve its working efficiency. __62__, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating __63__, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the __64__ effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the solar cell once a day, they __65__ the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

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