It includes electrolyte membrane, silicone rubber seal ring, multihole anode plate, and free lay mode formed granules of catalyst layer between said electrolyte membrane and multihole plate.
Also, provision of an amorphous layer between the substrate and the undercoat layer prevents peeling or defects between the photocatalyst layer and the substrate.
An anode catalyst layer of a direct liquid feed fuel cell includes a Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd black catalyst; and a supported Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd catalyst having Pt-Ru or Pt-Pd supported on a carbon-based support.