問題詳情：
Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you're using affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.
One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley (有軌電車) problem”： A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33.5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22.3 percent of PC users.
“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma，” Dr Albert BarqueDuran, the lead author of the study, told City University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”
As for why the researchers started this study, Dr BarqueDuran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily.” It's clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decisionmaking because we're using screens at an everincreasing rate.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇科普説明文。你所使用的手機或電腦設備是否影響你的道德決策？為此，研究者對1,010位參與者做了研究。
1．Why did the author mention the trolley problem?
A．To introduce a difficult problem to readers.
B．To introduce the aim of carrying out the study.
C．To show an example of the questions in the study.
D．To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.
2．How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?
A．Calmly. B．Cruelly.
C．Hesitantly. D．Enthusiastically.
3．Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones ________.
A．help people bear more pressure
B．help people make decisions quicker
C．make people feel more mentally distant
D．make people stay happier to solve problems
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．Shopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions.
B．The people using smartphones are more than those using PCs.
C．People who often use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas.
D．It is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life.
【回答】
1.C 推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中的“One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic ‘trolley (有軌電車) problem’”可以推斷出，作者提及到電車問題，只是展示了研究的問題中的一個例子。故選C。
2.A 細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma”可知，對於情感困境，手機使用者更能夠鎮定地處理。故選A。
3.C 細節理解題。根據文章第三段最後一句可知，與電腦相比較，手機更使人感到心理上的疏遠。故選C。
4.D 推理判斷題。A、B、C三項文中均未提及。而文中多處出現moral problems, moral decisions，故D項正確。
知識點：科普環保類閲讀
題型：閲讀理解
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