請認真閲讀下列短文,並根據所讀內容在文章後表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。Sc...

問題詳情：

請認真閲讀下列短文,並根據所讀內容在文章後表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。

School lunches in Japan

Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children — high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. One major key? School lunches.

A landmark report by the UN's children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.

Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.

"School lunches with menus that are created by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and the majority of junior high schools throughout Japan,," Mitsuhiko Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, told AFP.

The lunches are mandatory — no packed lunches allowed — and while they are not free for most, they are heavily subsidized 補助） meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.

"School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home," Education Ministry official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. "I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children."

Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for vegetarians, or anyone with religious restrictions.

The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. "There's also a daily broadcast at school to explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,” Hara said.

"School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,'? Ueda said. "It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?"

The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals, she added.

And there are other factors at work, Hara acknowledged. "Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food, which is good," he said. "And we're taught to eat seasonal food, which also contributes to good health. Japan is one of the rare countries that pay so much attention to food that is associated with specific seasons," he added.

Hara said another factor in Japan is regularly mandated childcare health checks. Parents of infants receive reminders from the local government, and children are given health checks at school, including measuring height and weight.

Still, even Japan has not escaped entirely the growing trend toward overweight children and childhood obesity, which in Japan, like elsewhere, tends to affect those from less wealthy families.

"Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity."

School lunches are all the more important to children in such situations, he said.

【回答】

51．ranks

52．compulsory

53．factors/reasons/causes

54．shaped

55．balance

56．variety

57．education

58．independence

59．Consumption

60．poor

【分析】

這是一篇説明文。短文就介紹了日本學校的午餐的相關信息。

51．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第一段“Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children — high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. ”日本在養育兒童方面取得了一個發達國家少有的成就——營養方面得分很高，但肥胖率很低。所以通過“high scores for nutrition”可以判斷出空處填rank且句子為一般現在時，主語為Japan為單數。故填ranks。

52．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”專家們説，有很多因素在起作用，包括一個注重健康的社會，以及法律要求對兒童進行定期檢查。所以由“check-ups for children required by law”可知，空處填形容詞compulsory 作check-ups的定語。故填compulsory。

53．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”專家們説，有很多因素在起作用，包括一個注重健康的社會，以及法律要求對兒童進行定期檢查。所以由“ factors ”可知，空處填factors/reasons/causes作表語。故填factors/reasons/causes 。

54．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第十段“The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals.”可知，日本*每年對日本的營養和飲食習慣進行研究，並利用研究結果來確定學校膳食中的營養成分。所以由“  shape ”可知，空處填shaped與menus在邏輯上為被動關係。故填shaped。

55．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第六段“School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home, I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children.”可知學校午餐的設計初衷是為學生們提供營養，而學生們在家裏往往吃不到這樣的飯。我認為它有助於兒童所需的營養平衡。所以根據“nutritional balance ”可以判斷出，空處填balance，句子為一般現在時，主語為Meals。故填balance 。

56．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第十一段“ Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food，which is good.”可知，因為很多日本人都有健康意識，所以他們儘量吃各種各樣的食物，這是有益的。所以由“variety”可知，空處填名詞variety。故填variety。

57．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由框中“The lunches are intended to improve• students' service consciousness and independence• students' knowledge of nutritional elements”可知，午餐旨在提高學生的服務意識和**, 提高學生對營養元素的認識。所以小題7説的是關於教育。故填education。

58．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由第九段“It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?”這不僅僅是吃東西的問題，孩子們還學會了服務，學會了自己清理。所以通過“clean up on their own”可知，空處填名詞independence與consciousness為並列關係。故填independence。

59．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由最後一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，貧困兒童更有可能超重，因為家庭都在努力削減開支。結果，他們吃更少的蛋白質，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖類，這導致肥胖。所以通過“consume ”可知，空處填名詞Consumption。故填Consumption。

60．考查歸納總結，處理信息的能力。由最後一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，貧困兒童更有可能超重，因為家庭都在努力削減開支。結果，他們吃更少的蛋白質，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖類 ,這導致肥胖。由“Children in poverty ”可知，空處填形容詞poor修飾名詞families。故填poor。

知識點：健康

題型：閲讀理解