(2020·南昌市重點中學高三年級段考試題)LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSl...

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(2020·南昌市重點中學高三年級段考試題)

Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep

Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language? Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined.  There is considerable evidence for wake－learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds (嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.

If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake－learned information, then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information,  should also be possible during sleep.

The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells' active states, the so－called “Up－states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up－state” and the inactive state “Down－state”.  The two states alternate (交替) about every half－second.

New evidence for sleep－learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated (被概括的) mental  state,  in which  we  are  separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, co－first－author. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years，”  says Katharina Henke.

The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research  Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen  research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition.

篇章導讀：本文是一篇説明文。文章通過一項研究論*了在深度睡眠中學習新詞彙的可能*。

9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A．“Up－state” and “Down－state” appear in turn during deep sleep.

B．“Up－states” is another name for the brain cells' active states.

C．Semantic associations are important for language learning.

D．The brain cells' active states are central for sleep－learning.

10．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage?

A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.

B．Separate us from the physical environment.

C．Apply deep sleep to information learning.

D．Discover the concept of sleep.

11．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.

B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.

C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.

D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.

12．Where is this text most likely from?

A．A novel.

B．A guidebook.

C．A scientific research website.

D．A diary.

【回答】

9.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段前兩句“The research group of Katharina Henke examined ... the so－called ‘Up－states’. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable.”可知，研究小組研究了睡覺的人能否在腦細胞活躍狀態下，在被播放的外來詞和翻譯詞之間形成新的語義聯繫。結果*他們的想法是合理的。據此可推知，當大腦處於“Up－states”時，可以進行語言學習。在這個過程中，大腦細胞的活躍狀態起着主要作用。故*是D。

10.C　細節理解題。根據題幹中的關鍵詞researchers和within several years定位到文章的第四段。根據該段中的“In how far and with what consequences ... will be a topic of research in upcoming years”可知，在未來幾年，在新信息的獲得方面深度睡眠能運用到何種程度以及會有何種結果將是研究的主題。故*是C。

11.D　推理判斷題。第一段提出問題“This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language？”(是否可以更有效地利用睡眠時間，例如用於學習一種新語言？)；第二段回答該問題“then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep”(對新信息的初始處理，在睡眠期間也應該是可能的)；第三段通過研究提出*據*了第二段的猜想。最後兩段進行了補充説明。據此可知，本文是為了説明在深度睡眠中，學習新的詞彙是可能的。故*是D。

12.C　推理判斷題。根據本文中出現的“Sleep research to date focused on” “There is considerable evidence” “The research group” “The aim of these research groups”並結合文章主旨(在深度睡眠中學習新詞彙方面的科學研究)可以推斷出，本文可能出自一個科研網站，故選C。

知識點：科普環保類閲讀

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