EIN3 was first cloned in Arabidopsis thalina mutant, and it has been suggested that EIN3 acted downstream to CTR located in nuclear and encoded transcription factors.
Each type of cell is thought to have a special set of transcription factors.
In 2007, researchers announced the creation of iPS cells from human skin cells by exposing them to proteins called transcription factors that influence DNA.
If that can be done, the new method may take over from the existing lash-up by which pluripotent stem cells with the genomes of particular individuals are made using transcription factors.
Two of these genes, a and B, produce proteins pA and pB, which react with other transcription factors, iA and iB, to switch on the third gene, c.
WRKY is a superfamily of transcription factors in the high plant, and there are many genes in it.
That is because one of Dr Yamanaka's transcription factors, c-Myc, sometimes has the unfortunate side-effect of causing cancer.
Singing changes expression for over 800 genes in the song control center, including ones that alter the expression of transcription factors and their targets.
What Dr Yamanaka discovered in his work on mice was a group of transcription factors that switched on the pattern of gene expression which says, “I am an embryonic stem cell.”
The main thing to be said against the methods used by Dr Yamanaka and Dr Yu is the way that they persuade their experimental cells to churn out the appropriate transcription factors.
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