One recent project found a way to generate electricity in rural villages in Ecuador using parts that could be manufactured and maintained by the villagers.
It can not only repair itself but also generate electricity during constriction. The electricity may even charge up your mobile phone or MP3 player in the future.
The piezoelectric elements contain ceramics that generate electricity on being deformed.
Water surrounding the core boils into steam that drives turbines to generate electricity.
Other countries have great rivers, which turn turbines and generate electricity more easily and cheaply.
Wind turbines and solar cells will generate electricity and a rainwater collection system will harvest and purify rain.
"Many materials can absorb light quite well but not generate electricity-like, for instance, black paint," he explains.
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