The distribution law of pressure potential in saturated soil using two-ring infiltration method to determine the permeability coefficient was different to that using cutting ring method.
Square large-span structures are set in the saturated soil, and overall damage appears for these structures.
Natural sinkholes generally form when heavy, water-saturated soil causes the roof of an underground limestone cavity to collapse, or when water widens a natural fracture in limestone bedrock.
The results supported that the initial shear wave velocity of loose saturated soils was a key parameter controlling its cyclic liquefaction resistance.
Affected by hydraulic potential gradient, the unsaturated soil water in the furrow soil may supply laterally the ridge soil of adjacent furrow.