However, in muonic hydrogen the Lamb shift is much more dependent on the proton radius because the much heavier muon spends more time very near to – and often within – the proton itself.
The point is to see if they are still muon-neutrinos when they arrive at Super-Kamiokande.
Going this deep would help reduce the background signals from cosmic ray muon particles.
cosmic-ray muon spectrometer
When it arrives, some of the muon neutrinos in it will have transformed themselves into electron neutrinos.
Then there are neutrinos, W and Z bosons, the electron-like muon and tau particles, and gluons—which hold quarks together in groups.
Neutrinos are known to switch back and forth between their three observed types (electron, muon and tau neutrinos), and OPERA was originally designed to detect these shifts.
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